Ngā Tāngata Taumata Rau

Tokomaha ngā tangata kua mahi i "Te Kerēme" o Ngāi Tahu. Ko Wiremu Rāniera Pārete (William Daniel Barrett) tētahi.

Kei roto i Ngā Tāngata Taumata Rau kua tuhituhi a Aroha Rereti-Crofts i tana koioranga.

Ki te hiahia koe ki te pānui te koioranga i roto te reo Māori, pānui Ngā Tāngata Taumata rau (pukapuka 1941-1960). Ki te hiahia koe ki te pānui te koioranga i roto i te reo Pākehā, pānuitia te Dictionary of New Zealand Biography (volume 5). Kei roto i ētahi o ngā whare pukapuka ēnei pukapuka-patai ki tētahi kaitiakipukapuka kei hea aua pukapuka.

Ki te hiahia koe ki te pānui te koioranga kei runga i te ipurangi, haere ki: www.dnzb.govt.nz

Ānei tāku whakarāpopotanga o tana kōrero:

Wiremu Rāniera Pārete/William Daniel Barrett

Ki te taha ō tōna tīpuna wahine, ko Ngāi Tahu te iwi, ki te taha ō tōna tīpuna tane, ko Ngāti Pākehā te iwi. No Kaiapoi tōna tīpuna wahine, no Te Whangānui-a-Tane tōna tīpuna tane. I whānau ia i Aparima/Riverton i Murihiku i te 27 o Whiringa-ā-nuku i te tau 1878. Ko Henry Barrett tōna matua, ko Louisa Hunter tōna whaea.

He maha ana ahuatanga i roto i te tōna iwi. Ko ia tētahi o ngā mema whakapumau o te Ngāi Tahu Trust Board. Ko te hekeretari o taua ropu i te tau 1926 ki a 1946 ia. No te waengānui o te tekau tau 1930 ki te tau 1953 ko ia te ūpoko Rūnanga o Ngāi Tūāhuriri.

He kaiwhakahaere no te Koti Whenua Māori ia. Tino nui tana mahi i "te kerēme" o Ngāi Tuhu.

Ko te wenewene puu ngā hokonga whenua i waenganui i te tau 1848 ki te tau 1864. I aua tau, i ngaro a Ngāi Tahu i te nuinga o o rātou whenua, o o rātou mahinga kai hoki. Kua ukuukutia ta rātou okanga.

I timata ai te kerēme i te tau 1849 i te tuhinga a Tiramorehu ki te Kawana. I tuhi ia "Whakawhanui ngā rohe hei maha o mātou whenua hei whakatipu riwai, hei taka a mātou kararehe." I mea ia " Ko tēnei te timatanga kē o a mātou amuamu ki a koe, Kawana Eyre, a, ahakoa kia hoki koe ki a Ingārangi, kāore anō mātou kia mutu a mātou amuamu ki ngā Pakeha kia tae mai ki konei."¹ I te tika aua kupu. Kotahi rau e rima tekau ngā tau e amuamu ana a Ngāi Tahu, e rima tau e whakrite ana rātou. I whawhai tonu ngā tīpuna o Barrett, i whawhai ia me ngā rangatira o taua takiwa, a, i whawhai tonu hoki a rātou uri. No te tau 1998, i te haina te whakataunga.

He nui te mahi o te iwi o Ngāi Tahu mo te kerēme i te tekau tau 1920. I te tau 1921, i te whakawā tētahi Komihana i ‘Kemps Purchase’ (me ētahi whenua Māori i Te Ika a Maui hoki). E ai ki taua Komihana he iti rawa ngā rāhuitanga o Mantell, kāore he utu pai te "South Island Landless Natives Act".² Ko ta rātou tatohutanga he utanga o 354,000. Heoi, ko ta te Kawantanga tapaetanga ki a Ngāi Tahu ko 100,000. Ka whakapeka a Ngāi Tahu i taua tapaetanga.

I te tau 1925, i hui te Koti Whenua Māori i Tuahiwi hei whakarite ko wai ngā huanga kia whiwhi utunga mo ngā whenua rahui. He mema a Barrett o tētahi komiti hei whakahiato ai he rarangi huanga. Kei roto i te rarangi tuatahi ko ngā uri o ngā kaumatua i te noho i roto i ngā paenga o te whenua hokonga i te tau 1848. Heoi, e ai ki etahi, menā no Ngāi Tahu te tangata, e whai wahi ana ia ki te utunga. Noreira i te tau 1929 i whakahiatotia ai te komiti i tētahi rarangi tangata no Ngāi Tahu. I whakarongo a Wiremu Pārete ki te whakaturanga hei whakamana whakapapa. I Tuahiwi, i Temuka, i Puketeraki me Colac Bay i whakarongo ia ki te whakaaturanga. Kei te ora tonu aua rarangi. Ko tētahi te pukapuka Ngāi Tahu kaumatua alive in 1848.

Ahakoa kāore i te momoho te kerēme i te rau tekau o 1920, i te whakarite tonu ia. Kāore i te tango ia i te mate. I ia wa, i ia wahi, i te korero ia e pa ana te kerēme. I te tau 1935 i te hui rātou ko te Pirimia, ko te Minita o te Tahua. I te tau 1944 i tutuki i a rātou ko Ngāi Tahu, ko te kawanatanga te whakaaetanga.

I mate a Wiremu Pārete i Tuahiwi i Haratua i te tau 1953.

Ko te oranga o tōna iwi tana tino take. I tohe tonu a ia ki tana mahi mo tōna iwi. I te mate ia, i te ngaro te tohunga ture whenua whakamutunga o Ngāi Tahu i aua wa.

1 Evison. The Treaty of Waitangi p.11
2 Evison. Te Wai Pounamu p.354

Te Rarangi Pukapuka

Evison, Harry C. Te Wai Pounamu: The Greenstone Island: a History of the Southern Māori during the European Colonization of New Zealand. Christchurch: Aoraki Press, 1993

Ngāi Tahu Settlement: Briefing Kit. Wellington: Office of the Minister in Charge of Treaty of Waitangi Negotiations, 1996

Obit. The Press. 27 May 1953: 5

Rereti-Crofts, Aroha H. ‘Barrett. William Daniel 1878-1953’. Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Updated 19 July 2002. URL: http://www.dnzb.govt.nz

The Treaty of Waitangi and the Ngāi Tahu Claim: a Summary. Christchurch: Ngāi Tahu Māori Trust Board, 1988

na Caroline Syddall
Te Putahi o Aotearoa
Ngā Kete Wānanga o Ōtautahi